A panel or lipid profile is called a complete test that measures the amount of „good”, „bad” and total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. How do you prepare for the test, how is it performed and what do the results mean?
What is a lipid panel?
The full lipid panel measures four types of substances in the blood:
- total cholesterol,
- Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) referred to as „bad” cholesterol,
- High-density lipoproteins (HDL) referred to as „good” cholesterol,
- Triglycerides stored in fat cells. Overweight people usually have high levels of these.
When going to the doctor for a referral for testing, you should tell about any symptoms or health problems you have, your family history, and any medications you are currently taking. Nine to 12 hours before the panel, you should not eat or drink anything other than water.
To check cholesterol levels, a blood sample is needed. Usually the collection is done in the morning. It takes a few minutes and is relatively painless.
How to interpret the results of the study?
Most commonly, cholesterol levels are measured in milligrams (mg) of cholesterol per deciliter (dl) of blood. The desired results for most adults are:
- Total cholesterol: less than 190 mg/dl,
- LDL: up to 115 mg/dl,
- HDL: more than 40 mg/dl,
- Triglycerides: up to 150 mg/dl.
Results outside the normal range mean a higher risk of many health problems. In such cases, the doctor may additionally order blood glucose and thyroid function tests. It also happens that test results can be erroneous or inaccurate due to an improperly performed procedure or a misrepresentation caused by some medications previously taken. Therefore, it is a good idea to repeat the test in some time.
High blood cholesterol levels can be lowered pharmacologically and by making confident lifestyle changes. Regular physical activity, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, avoiding foods high in fat and salt, incorporating vegetables, including legumes, fruits, whole grain products, especially from oats and barley, low-fat dairy products, and lean meat several times a week can help reduce LDL. Until recently, cholesterol myths said that eggs should be avoided. Nowadays, it is accepted that healthy people can consume up to 7 pieces a week without risking an increase in blood cholesterol levels. Also, some natural substances help maintain its normal concentration. Among them are plant polyphenols. Therefore, taking supplements such as Berimal, which contains concentrated bergamot orange fruit extract, can help control cholesterol levels.
By actively making lifestyle changes and consistently taking the recommended preparations, good results can be achieved in a relatively short period of time.